What does the term "ground" refer to in electrical systems?

The term "ground" in electrical systems refers to a point of zero voltage, which serves as a reference point for electrical circuits. In practice, the ground provides a pathway for electrical current to return safely to the earth in case of a fault or leakage, ensuring that the electrical system remains stable and minimizes the risk of electric shock or equipment damage. Grounding plays a critical role in maintaining safety and protecting both electrical devices and users from potential hazards.

This concept is foundational in electrical engineering because having a common reference point allows for consistent operation of electrical devices and systems. By designating a point as ground, technicians can accurately measure voltage levels relative to this reference, understand circuit behavior, and implement effective safety measures such as circuit breakers and fuses.