What is the primary function of a transformer?

The primary function of a transformer is to raise or lower voltage levels in an electrical circuit. This operation is essential for the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity. Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction and consist of two or more coils of wire wound around a magnetic core.

When alternating current flows through one coil (the primary winding), it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the second coil (the secondary winding). Depending on the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils, a transformer can either step up (raise) the voltage or step down (lower) the voltage. This capability is crucial in power systems, where high voltages are typically used for long-distance transmission to reduce energy losses, and lower voltages are used for consumer applications.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary function of a transformer. While changing current direction may occur in an AC system, it is not the transformer’s main role. Storing electrical energy is a function of capacitors or batteries, not transformers. Providing grounding is related to safety measures in electrical installations but is also not a direct function of a transformer. Thus, the main takeaway is that a transformer fundamentally adjusts voltage levels to ensure efficient operation of electrical systems.