What role does a transformer play in electrical systems?

A transformer plays a critical role in electrical systems by changing the voltage of electricity. Transformers are designed to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels as electrical energy is transmitted and distributed. By adjusting voltage levels, transformers enable efficient long-distance transmission of electricity and help ensure that the voltage is at appropriate levels for various applications, minimizing energy losses and enhancing system safety.

For example, during the process of power distribution, electricity generated at power plants is often transmitted over long distances at high voltages to reduce loss. Upon reaching substations closer to end-users, transformers decrease the voltage to safer levels suitable for household or industrial consumption. This ability to modify voltage is foundational to the functioning of power grids and the delivery of electrical energy to consumers.